Rail anchorage



April 21, 1964 H. MEER 3,129,887

' RAIL ANCHORAGE Filed May 23, 1962 y F/G. 1 F/G. 3

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United States Patent O ice 3,129,887 RAIL ANCHORAGE Hermann Meier,Asgardstrasse 37, Munich, Germany Filed May 23, 1962, Ser. No. 197,025Claims priority, application Germany May 27, 1961 6 Claims. (Cl.23S-265) The present invention relates to a rail anchorage on concreteties without tie plates and by means of steel anchoring elements whichare secured to and within the tie by an adhesive.

There are many known types of construction of rail anchorages onconcrete ties without tie plates underneath the rail. Such anchoragesshould comply Iwith the following basic requirements:

(l) The tie must be provided on its upper surface at both sides of therail with supporting elements or abutments for supporting the raillaterally and for taking rup component forces of a considerable size.These supporting elements must therefore be of a very great stabilityand be mounted very accurately in position. They may be located eitherdirectly adjacent to the rail base or at a certain distance therefrom.In the latter case, a clamping plate of `a special design may beemployed to bridge the gap.

(2) -For tightening the rail to the tie, the anchoring means must beanchored very securely 'Within the tie.

(3) Since the concrete tie will usually last yfor a long time, while theanchoring means are subject to wear and corrosion, these means should beexchangeable. It is therefore inadvisable to embed the supportingelements and anchorage means solidly in the concrete.

(4) The entire structure should be inexpensively produced, the work ofexchanging individual components should be of a simple nature and easilycarried out, and the annual costs of securing the rails should be as lowas possible.

The means for anchoring the rail to the ties previously consisted eitherof bolts which extended entirely through the ties by being inserted fromthe lower side thereof through apertures so that their heads abuttedagainst the lower side of the ties, or they consisted of bolts withheads of a special design which interengaged with concrete-embeddedsupporting elements, or of screws or bolts which could be removablyscrewed into plugs of wood, rubber, or steel, or of spring clips whichwere tightened by means of bolts which extended in aperturestransversely through the ties.

Supporting elements or abutments which are capable of easily taking upgreat lateral forces including lateral impacts previously eitherconsisted of steel parts (for example, bearing elements for supportingclamping plates, or steel plugs with projections thereon for guiding therail) which extended deeply into the ties and were solidly embedded inthe concrete, and which were therefore contrary to the third requirementas listed above, or they consisted of small steel plates with guidestrips which were simply laid upon the upper surface of the ties next tothe rail and were then pressed tightly upon the ties |by means of thetie bolts. The insertion of such a plate into a small recess in the tieis of no material value. The lateral forces are then taken up merely bythe friction of the plate and the shear resistance of the bolt; theability to take up these forces is therefore very limited.

In more recent times, rail anchorages are also produced by bonding theanchoring elements in the tie by adhesives.. Modern adhesives ofsynthetic resin offer new possibilities of structural designs and permitmuch cheaper constructions than were previously possible. This is anadvantage which in a mass-produced article such as railroad ties iseconomically of very great importance. The adhesive 3,129,887.` PatentedApr. 21, 1964 must comply with the high solidity requirement-s of railanchorages and it must become soft when sufficiently heated to permitthe respective bonded part again to be removed so that the thirdrequirement as previously menmentioned, namely, the exchangeability ofthe components which are subject to wear or corrosion may be easilyfultilled. The modern art of adhesives permits the application of simplecomponents without requiring any expensive machining thereof, and bycombining such components in a suitable manner with each other, it ispossible to attain extremely high resistance factors.

ln a known rail anchorage of this type a pair of supports in the form ofat iron bars are inserted into vertical apertures in the tie at bothsides of the rail and are bonded to the tie within these apertures by anadhesive. A small angle iron with transverse slots in its horizontal webfor receiving these flat supports is then slipped laterally from therail side over the supports and then merely rests on the upper surfaceof the tie in a position so that its vertical web engages laterally withthe rail base to guide the same. The upper ends of the flat iron barsare bent over toward each other and serve as retaining means for a.spring clip which prevents the angle iron from moving upwardly. Thegreat lateral tonces which are to be taken up by the tie are transmittedthereto from the rail merely through the flat iron bars which moreoverare mounted in the tie so that their fiat sides extend at right anglesto the rail, which means that the entire lateral forces have to be takenup by the narrow edges of these bars which face the rail.

In contrast to the state of the prior art as described above, it is anobject of the present invention to provide a rail anchorage whichcomplies with all of the requirements as listed in the beginning andconsists of only a few components which may be easily and inexpensivelymanufactured but are capable of transmitting all of the forces from therail to the ties and also to clamp the rail very securely to the ties.

This object is attained according to the invention by bonding to the tieon each side of the rail an abutment or supporting element which is of asubstantially rectangular cross section and one web of which extendsvertically into the tie directly adjacent to the rail base, while itsother web rests horizontally on the upper surface of the tie and servesas a bearing member for supporting the outer, downwardly projectingbracing end of a clamping plate. The horizontal web of the angularsupporting element is provided with an aperture through which an anchorbolt extends which serves for tightening and securing the clampingplatey and the shaft of which projects deeply into the concrete tie andis bonded therein securely by an adhesive.

The actual SuppOrting element merely consists of an angular piece ofrolled steel with a punched-out aperture for the anchor bolt. Thevertical web of this angular element is located directly adjacent to therail base and extends vertically to the upper side of the tie downwardlyinto a socketlike aperture in the tie in which it is firmly bonded by anadhesive. The horizontal web of the angular element rests on the upperside of the tie and is likewise cemented thereon. Such an angularelement, when combined with a tie in this position, is capable ofopposing a lateral force with a very great resistance. If the lateralforce would be constantly increased, the concrete would finally breakout in the shape of a wedge with a large plane of shear and starting atthe lower end of the angular element. The size of the broken-out wedgewould be considerably increased by the horizontal web of the angularsupport which is bonded by adhesive upon the tie. The shear resistanceof the rail anchorage according to the invention will, however, befurther strongly increased due to the fact that at the end of thehorizontal web a very strong downward pressure is exerted by theclamping plate in the perpendicular direction. This Very simpleconstruction of the supporting element which because of the requirementas to its exchangeability can be employed only if it is secured by beingbonded to the tie by an adhesive, may be still further improved if thelong shaft of an anchor bolt which is likewise secured within the tie byan adhesive projects through the horizontal web of the supportingelement and then serves as a safety bolt to prevent the concrete frombreaking out in the mentioned wedge-shaped form. This additional safetyeffect can be attained only if there is absolutely no play between theshaft of the bolt and the tie. This presumption may be easily fulfilledby securing the shaft in the tie by an adhesive.

A preferred embodiment of the invention has the additional feature thatthe rail base abuts laterally against the perpendicular web of theangular supporting element. Although when the rail moves in theperpendicular direction, its base rubs along the supporting element, itcannot loosen the latter from the upper surface of the tie since theperpendicular web is securely bonded within the tie.

The anchor bolt is relatively inexpensive. The tension which is appliedupon the bolt by its nut is transmitted to the inside of the tie by theshaft of the bolt which is cemented therein.

The features and advantages of the rail anchorage according to theinvention will become more clearly apparent from the followingdescription of the accompanying drawing, in which- FIG. 1 shows avertical section of the rail anchorage at one side of a rail with theangular supporting element or abutment, the anchor bolt, and theclamping plate;

FIG. 2 shows a cross section which is taken through the anchoring boltaccording to FIG. l at an elevation above the angular supporting elementand in which the position of the clamping plate is indicated in dottedlines;

FIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIG. l of a modification of theinvention;

FIG. 4 shows a View similar to FIG. 2 of the modication according toFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows a vertical section of the rail anchorage according to FIG.3 which is taken at a right angle of FIG. 3 in which the rail isomitted.

As illustrated in FIGS. l to 4 of the drawings, the angular abutments orsupporting elements 2 are rigidly bonded by an adhesive within theconcrete tie 1 directly adjacent to the rail base 3 which rests on anelastic layer 4 on the tie. For this purpose the perpendicular web 5 ofeach supporting element 2 extends deeply into an aperture in the body ofthe concrete tie and is bonded therein by an adhesive, while thehorizontal web 6 is sunk slightly into a recess in the upper surface 7of the tie and is likewise bonded therein by an adhesive. Directlyadjacent to the rail base, the supporting element 2 according to FIG. 1is provided with a strong rib 8 which is adapted to guide the rail baselaterally, to take up great lateral forces from the rail and to preventthe elastic layer 4 from sliding out. The outer upper edge of thehorizontal web 6 is provided with an upward projection 9 which serves asa reinforcement and also as a bearing member for supporting thedownwardly projecting foot I@ of the clamping plate I7 and for bracingit laterally. The horizontal web 6 of the angular supporting element Zhas a punched-out aperture 111 through which the anchor bolt 12 isinserted which then passes deeply into a socket bore in the tie and islikewise rigidly bonded therein by adhesive. The anchor bolt I2 may alsobe provided with an enlargement 13 on its lower end which may beproduced, for example, by lateral compression and serves as anadditional anchorage to prevent the bolt from being pulled out. Theupper part of the anchor bolt is provided with a screw thread 14 onwhich a nut I5 is screwed which through a spring ring I6 presses 4 theclamping plate 17 downwardly and its two downwardly projecting feet 18and 10 upon the rail base 3 and the horizontal web 6 of the supportingelement 2.

For rails which are not subjected to very great stresses, it is possibleto employ a lighter anchora e, as illustrated in FIG. 3, together with aclamping plate 19 which has a nose 22 engaging over the rounded edgeportion 21 of the rail base, while the outer downwardly projecting foot23 ofthe clamping plate again rests on the horizontal web of thesupporting element 20 and against the upwardly bent outer edge 25thereof. In this embodiment, the horizontal web is again sunk into andbonded within a recess in the upper surface 24 of the tie 1, but theinner end of this web does not have any upwardly projecting rib like therib 8 in FIG. l since the function of this rib, namely, to brace therail base laterally, is carried outalthough not quite as securely-by thenose 22 on the clamping plate 19. The anchor bolt 26 may also beprovided with a flange 27 for additionally locking the angularsupporting element 2t) within the recesses in the concrete tie in whichit is secured by adhesive.

Although my invention has been illustrated and described with referenceto the preferred embodiments thereof, I wish to have it understood thatit is in no way limited to the details of such embodiments, but iscapable of numerous moditications within the scope of the appendedclaims.

Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim 1s:

1. An anchorage assembly for securing a rail to a concrete tie having atleast two apertures extending deeply thereinto arranged directlyadjacent to opposite lateral edges of the base of said rail when saidrail is in its secured position, comprising a pair of angular steelsupporting elements mounted on opposite sides of the rail, each of saidsupporting elements including a substantially horizontal web and asubstantially perpendicular web, each said perpendicular web extendinginto a respective one of said apertures in the concrete tie and beingarranged within a plane directly adjacent to the lateral side of thebase of the rail, an adhesive bonding said perpendicular web within saidaperture to said tie, each said horizontal web extending outwardly awayfrom the rail and having an upwardly extending projection on its outerend, said horizontal web further having an aperture therein and beingbonded by said adhesive to the upper surface of the tie, an anchor boltassociated with each supporting element, each said anchor bolt extendingfrom the outside through said aperture in said horizontal web and intothe respective aperture in the tie substantially parallel to saidperpendicular web, said anchor bolt being bonded by said adhesive tosaid tie within said last-mentioned aperture, a clamping member arrangedon said bolt and having a downwardly projecting outer end adapted tobear upon said horizontal web and against the inner side of saidprojection, and an inner end adapted to bear from above upon the base ofthe rail, and means threadably secured on the upper end of said bolt forpressing said clamping member upon said horizontal web and said railbase, said adhesive being capable of softening when heated to permitsaid angular elements and said bolts to be removed and replaced whennecessary.

2. An anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said inner endof a clamping member is a nose extending around a portion of the railand bearing against the rail from above and from the side when pressedagainst said rail by said means threadably secured to said bolt.

3. An anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein saidperpendicular web includes a rib portion extending above said horizontalweb adjacent the side of the base of said rail for laterally guidingsaid rail.

4. An anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said tieincludes a recess adjacent each said aperture for receiving thereintosaid horizontal web of a respective supporting element, said horizontalweb being bonded in said recess by said adhesive.

5. An anchorage assembly for securing a rail to a concrete tie having atleast two apertures extending deeply thereinto arranged directlyadjacent to opposite lateral edges of the base of said rail when saidrail is in its secured position, comprising a pair of angular steelsupporting elements mounted on opposite sides of the rail, each of saidsupporting elements including a substantially horizontal web and asubstantially perpendicular web, each said perpendicular web extendinginto a respective one of said apertures in the concrete tie and beingarranged Within a plane directly adjacent to the lateral side of thebase of the rail, an adhesive bonding said perpendicular web within saidaperture to said tie, each said horizontal web extending outwardly awayfrom the rail and having an aperture therein and being bonded by saidadhesive to the upper surface of the tie, an anchor bolt associated Witheach supporting element, each said anchor bolt extending from theoutside through said aperture in said horizontal web and into therespective aperture in the tie substantially parallel to saidperpendicular web, said anchor bolt being bonded by said adhesive tosaid tie within said last-mentioned aperture, a clamping member arrangedon said bolt and having an outer end adapted to bear upon saidhorizontal web and an inner end adapted to bear from above upon the baseof the rail, and means threadably secured on the upper end of said boltfor pressing said clamping member upon said horizontal web and said railbase, said adhesive being capable of softening when heated to permitsaid angular elements and said bolts to be removed and replaced whennecessary.

6. An anchorage assembly for securing a rail to a concrete tie having atleast two apertures extending deeply thereinto arranged directlyadjacent to opposite lateral edges of the base of said rail when saidrail is in its secured position, comprising a pair of angular steelsupporting elements mounted on opposite sides of the rail, each of saidsupporting elements including a substantially horizontal web and asubstantially perpendicular web, each said perpendicular web extendinginto a respective one of said apertures in the concrete tie and beingarranged within a plane directly adjacent to the lateral side of thebase of the rail, an adhesive bonding said perpendicular web within saidaperture to said tie, each said horizontal web extending outwardly awayfrom the rail and having an upwardly extending projection on its outerend, said horizontal web further having an aperture therein and beingbonded by said adhesive to the upper surface of the tie, an anchor boltassociated with each supporting element, each said anchor bolt extendingfrom the outside through said aperture in said horizontal web and intothe respective aperture in the tie substantially parallel to saidperpendicular web, said anchor bolt being bonded by said adhesive tosaid tie within said last-mentioned aperture, each said bolt having aflange of a diameter greater than the diameter of the aperture in therespective horizontal web for engaging the upper surface of saidhorizontal web to keep a free end portion of said bolt above saidhorizontal web, a clamping member arranged on said free-end portion ofsaid bolt and having a downwardly projecting outer end adapted to bearupon said horizontal web and against the inner side of said projection,and an inner end adapted to bear from above upon the base of the rail,and means threadably secured on said free-end portion of said bolt forpressing said clamping member upon said horizontal web and said railbase, said adhesive being capable of softening when heated to permitsaid angular elements and said bolts to be removed and replaced whennecessary.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,264,616 Decker Apr. 30, 1918 2,057,955 Kahn Oct. 20, 1936 2,389,464Snyder Nov. 20, 1945 2,858,988 Luther Nov. 4, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS954,828 France Oct. 8, 1947

1. AN ANCHORAGE ASSEMBLY FOR SECURING A RAIL TO A CONCRETE TIE HAVING ATLEAST TWO APERTURES EXTENDING DEEPLY THEREINTO ARRANGED DIRECTLYADJACENT TO OPPOSITE LATERAL EDGES OF THE BASE OF SAID RAIL WHEN SAIDRAIL IS IN ITS SECURED POSITION, COMPRISING A PAIR OF ANGULAR STEELSUPPORTING ELEMENTS MOUNTED ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE RAIL, EACH OF SAIDSUPPORTING ELEMENTS INCLUDING A SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTAL WEB AND ASUBSTANTIALLY PERPENDICULAR WEB, EACH SAID PERPENDICULAR WEB EXTENDINGINTO A RESPECTIVE ONE OF SAID APERTURES IN THE CONCRETE TIE AND BEINGARRANGED WITHIN A PLANE DIRECTLY ADJACENT TO THE LATERAL SIDE OF THEBASE OF THE RAIL, AN ADHESIVE BONDING SAID PERPENDICULAR WEB WITHIN SAIDAPERTURE TO SAID TIE, EACH SAID HORIZONTAL WEB EXTENDING OUTWARDLY AWAYFROM THE RAIL AND HAVING AN UPWARDLY EXTENDING PROJECTION ON ITS OUTEREND, SAID HORIZONTAL WEB FURTHER HAVING AN APERTURE THEREIN AND BEINGBONDED BY SAID ADHESIVE TO THE UPPER SURFACE OF THE TIE, AN ANCHOR BOLTASSOCIATED WITH EACH SUPPORTING ELEMENT, EACH SAID ANCHOR BOLT EXTENDINGFROM THE OUTSIDE THROUGH SAID APERTURE IN SAID HORIZONTAL WEB AND INTOTHE RESPECTIVE APERTURE IN THE TIE SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL TO SAIDPERPENDICULAR WEB, SAID ANCHOR BOLT BEING BONDED BY SAID ADHESIVE TOSAID TIE WITHIN SAID LAST-MENTIONED APERTURE, A CLAMPING MEMBER ARRANGEDON SAID BOLT AND HAVING A DOWNWARDLY PROJECTING OUTER END ADAPTED TOBEAR UPON SAID HORIZONTAL WEB AND AGAINST THE INNER SIDE OF SAIDPROJECTION, AND AN INNER END ADAPTED TO BEAR FROM ABOVE UPON THE BASE OFTHE RAIL, AND MEANS THREADABLY SECURED ON THE UPPER END OF SAID BOLT FORPRESSING SAID CLAMPING MEMBER UPON SAID HORIZONTAL WEB AND SAID RAILBASE, SAID ADHESIVE BEING CAPABLE OF SOFTENING WHEN HEATED TO PERMITSAID ANGULAR ELEMENTS AND SAID BOLTS TO BE REMOVED AND REPLACED WHENNECESSARY.